Tuberculosis is the most common respiratory transmitted disease affecting nearly 32% of the world’s population out of which 95% of the new cases are reported from developing countries every year. Approximately one million young men and women per year are victimized with this disease in the developing world. The incidence of this disease is very high in India where there is dense population, poor nutrition, and poor sanitation. Chemotherapy is the common and effective treatment modality available for tuberculosis treatment. The important first-line antitubercular drugs available today are streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide. Although the systemic toxicity of these agents has been reported by earlier studies, there is not much scientific information on the effect of these agents on the gonads, fertility potential among these victims and effect on offspring. To address these issues we are trying to understand the consequences of antituberculosis treatment on both male and female reproductive potential using mouse model, which is timely and important aspect in Indian context. (Supported by Indian Council of Medical Research, Govt. of India)