ABSTRACT Thorough knowledge of endodontic microbiology is essential to eradicate the microbes from root canal system. The advent of Confocal LASER scanning microscope (CLSM) is of great advantage in visualizing the endodontic microflora, through this, it is not only possible to visualize the spatial distribution of microorganisms but can also obtain extremely high resolution images. Since digitization of images is possible with this technique, it allows three-dimensional view of endodontic biofilm. Thus, it has wide application in dental research. Keywords: CLSM, Endodontic Microflora, Root canal system. INTRODUCTION Microorganisms are the major causative factor for pulp and peri radicular pathologies- I-4 Studies have shown that these microorganisms exist in oral cavity as biofilms.5 The main advantage for the microorganism to stay in biofilm is that, it resists the host immune response and renders them more resistant to a variety of disinfecting agents.6 Thorough knowledge of endodontic microbiology is essential to eradicate the microbes from root canal system. Traditionally, various techniques like culturing and histological sections were used to visualise the endodontic microbes-7-9 However, these methods fail to demonstrate the three dimensional structure of endodontic biofilm. The advent of Confocal LASER scanning microscope (CLSM) is of great advantage in visualizing the endodontic microflora. Through this, it is not only possible to visualise the spatial distribution of microorganisms but can also obtain extremely high resolution images.